Thomas’ speculum signed Tiemann on the lever of the retractor. This was a variation on a theme of Simm’s speculum but it has a retractor instead of a superior blade which largely serves the same purpose, although the retractor can be adjusted in length.

The opening of the instrument is also limited by an adjustable screw. The handle is made from crosshatched ebony in an octagonal configuration. A similar instrument can be seen on page 445 of Tiemann’s American Armamentarium Chirurgicum.

• From the Phisick collection